Lysozyme Expression
Published by Anonymous on 2007/9/29 (2443 reads)
1: EXS. 1996;75:323-45. Related Articles, Links
Adaptive evolution of lysozyme: changes in amino acid sequence, regulation of expression and gene number.
Prager EM.
Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3202, USA.
Adaptive evolution of lysozyme has involved remodelling of amino acid sequences and changes in patterns of gene expression and in gene number. Following an outline of the phenomena likely to be indicative of adaptive evolution and how one can assess them, this chapter focuses on four cases in which lysozyme c has been recruited as a digestive enzyme in the stomachs of creatures needing to retrieve nutrients from microorganisms in fermented food. For each case-ruminant artiodactyls, leaf-eating monkeys, a leaf-eating bird, and fruit flies-the factors likely to be of primary importance in lysozyme's adaptation are examined. Additional examples of apparent adaptation for digestion or antimicrobial defense in animals as diverse as mice, moths, and molluscs are summarized. This chapter considers also the case of three internally clustered residues which among galliform bird lysozymes c occur either as Thr 40, Ile 55, and Ser 91 (TIS) or as Ser 40, Val 55, and Thr 91 (SVT). Reconstruction and testing of six possible intermediate proteins and development of the concept of a neutral corridor of protein traits are described.
Publication Types:
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Review
PMID: 8765307 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2: EXS. 1996;75:243-57. Related Articles, Links
Lysozyme gene expression and regulation.
Short ML, Nickel J, Schmitz A, Renkawitz R.
Institut für Genetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany.
Analysis of lysozyme gene expression in chicken and mouse identified two evolutionarily different mechanisms of lysozyme gene regulation. The lysozyme gene in chicken is expressed in the oviduct and macrophage cells with expression regulated by different, partially overlapping sets of tissue specific cis-acting elements. In contrast to chicken, the mouse genome contains two lysozyme genes generated by a gene duplication event allowing each gene to be regulated by its own regulatory region. One gene is expressed in macrophages, the other in Paneth cells of the small intestine. The macrophage-specific gene contains a single strong enhancer in the 3'-flanking sequences that interacts with ubiquitously factors. Cytosine methylation of the core enhancer sequence has been implicated in the regulation of the enhancer activity. In spite of these evolutionary regulatory differences, the chicken lysozyme transgene retains macrophage-specific expression in mice.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
PMID: 8765303 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Adaptive evolution of lysozyme: changes in amino acid sequence, regulation of expression and gene number.
Prager EM.
Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3202, USA.
Adaptive evolution of lysozyme has involved remodelling of amino acid sequences and changes in patterns of gene expression and in gene number. Following an outline of the phenomena likely to be indicative of adaptive evolution and how one can assess them, this chapter focuses on four cases in which lysozyme c has been recruited as a digestive enzyme in the stomachs of creatures needing to retrieve nutrients from microorganisms in fermented food. For each case-ruminant artiodactyls, leaf-eating monkeys, a leaf-eating bird, and fruit flies-the factors likely to be of primary importance in lysozyme's adaptation are examined. Additional examples of apparent adaptation for digestion or antimicrobial defense in animals as diverse as mice, moths, and molluscs are summarized. This chapter considers also the case of three internally clustered residues which among galliform bird lysozymes c occur either as Thr 40, Ile 55, and Ser 91 (TIS) or as Ser 40, Val 55, and Thr 91 (SVT). Reconstruction and testing of six possible intermediate proteins and development of the concept of a neutral corridor of protein traits are described.
Publication Types:
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Review
PMID: 8765307 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2: EXS. 1996;75:243-57. Related Articles, Links
Lysozyme gene expression and regulation.
Short ML, Nickel J, Schmitz A, Renkawitz R.
Institut für Genetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany.
Analysis of lysozyme gene expression in chicken and mouse identified two evolutionarily different mechanisms of lysozyme gene regulation. The lysozyme gene in chicken is expressed in the oviduct and macrophage cells with expression regulated by different, partially overlapping sets of tissue specific cis-acting elements. In contrast to chicken, the mouse genome contains two lysozyme genes generated by a gene duplication event allowing each gene to be regulated by its own regulatory region. One gene is expressed in macrophages, the other in Paneth cells of the small intestine. The macrophage-specific gene contains a single strong enhancer in the 3'-flanking sequences that interacts with ubiquitously factors. Cytosine methylation of the core enhancer sequence has been implicated in the regulation of the enhancer activity. In spite of these evolutionary regulatory differences, the chicken lysozyme transgene retains macrophage-specific expression in mice.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
PMID: 8765303 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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